[
 {
  "name": "Hangprinter",
  "cat": "3D Printing",
  "origin": "Sweden",
  "usd": 300,
  "usdhi": 600,
  "varies": false,
  "usdTxt": "$300–600",
  "hkdTxt": "HK$2,340–4,680",
  "diff": "Hard",
  "special": "A 3D printer with NO FRAME. The toolhead hangs from your ceiling on cables and anchors to the floor. Prints metres-tall objects in a whole room. Genuinely the most 'wait, what?' machine here.",
  "links": [
   [
    "Site",
    "https://hangprinter.org/"
   ],
   [
    "Wikipedia",
    "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hangprinter"
   ],
   [
    "Overview",
    "https://all3dp.com/open-source-hangprinter-prints-without-frame/"
   ]
  ]
 },
 {
  "name": "Voron 2.4 / Trident",
  "cat": "3D Printing",
  "origin": "Russia",
  "usd": 300,
  "usdhi": 1600,
  "varies": false,
  "usdTxt": "$300–1,600",
  "hkdTxt": "HK$2,340–12,480",
  "diff": "Hard",
  "special": "The gold standard open-source CoreXY. GPLv3, insane mod ecosystem, and Chinese kit makers (LDO, FYSETC, Siboor, Mellow) sell everything. Best documented printer on earth.",
  "links": [
   [
    "GitHub",
    "https://github.com/VoronDesign/Voron-2"
   ],
   [
    "Wiki",
    "https://voron3d.wiki/"
   ],
   [
    "CN kit",
    "https://www.fysetc.com/products/voron-2-4-r2-pro-kit"
   ],
   [
    "中文教程",
    "https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1AF411J7fU/"
   ],
   [
    "YouTube",
    "https://www.cnckitchen.com/blog/building-a-voron-24-r2-in-2022-ldo-kit"
   ]
  ]
 },
 {
  "name": "Voron V0.2",
  "cat": "3D Printing",
  "origin": "Russia",
  "usd": 300,
  "usdhi": 450,
  "varies": false,
  "usdTxt": "$300–450",
  "hkdTxt": "HK$2,340–3,510",
  "diff": "Medium",
  "special": "The desktop-sized Voron. Cheapest way into the Voron ecosystem, and Chinese kits + 保姆级 Chinese tutorials are everywhere.",
  "links": [
   [
    "GitHub",
    "https://github.com/VoronDesign/Voron-0"
   ],
   [
    "FYSETC kit",
    "https://www.fysetc.com/"
   ],
   [
    "中文教程",
    "https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1vL41177YE/"
   ]
  ]
 },
 {
  "name": "Rook MK1 / Rook 180",
  "cat": "3D Printing",
  "origin": "US",
  "usd": 250,
  "usdhi": 350,
  "varies": false,
  "usdTxt": "$250–350",
  "hkdTxt": "HK$1,950–2,730",
  "diff": "Easy",
  "special": "Cheap, mostly-3D-printed CoreXY from Rolohaun. Widely called the best FIRST CoreXY build. Officially kitted by Chinese LDO Motors.",
  "links": [
   [
    "GitHub",
    "https://github.com/rolohaun/Rook"
   ],
   [
    "Printables",
    "https://www.printables.com/model/387431-rook-mk1-3d-printer"
   ],
   [
    "LDO kit",
    "https://store.ldomotion.com/collections/3d-printers"
   ]
  ]
 },
 {
  "name": "LayerFused C201",
  "cat": "3D Printing",
  "origin": "US",
  "usd": 150,
  "usdhi": 200,
  "varies": false,
  "usdTxt": "$150–200",
  "hkdTxt": "HK$1,170–1,560",
  "diff": "Easy",
  "special": "Under $200 and a full step-by-step YouTube build series by Makers Mashup. The cheapest honest entry into building a printer from scratch.",
  "links": [
   [
    "YouTube playlist",
    "https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLyYZUiBHD1QjaYx7eCEW8zXvsgwEbAykY"
   ],
   [
    "Writeup",
    "https://www.hackster.io/news/this-open-source-3d-printer-design-will-cost-you-less-than-200-to-build-59b03e33e918"
   ]
  ]
 },
 {
  "name": "HyperCube Evolution",
  "cat": "3D Printing",
  "origin": "Community",
  "usd": 300,
  "usdhi": 400,
  "varies": false,
  "usdTxt": "$300–400",
  "hkdTxt": "HK$2,340–3,120",
  "diff": "Medium",
  "special": "Budget CoreXY. Built by a huge number of people, all parts off-the-shelf, fits in a 300mm cube. Lots of build logs.",
  "links": [
   [
    "Thingiverse",
    "https://www.thingiverse.com/thing:2254103"
   ],
   [
    "Community",
    "https://www.reddit.com/r/hypercubecorexy/"
   ]
  ]
 },
 {
  "name": "Mini Kossel (delta)",
  "cat": "3D Printing",
  "origin": "Netherlands",
  "usd": 200,
  "usdhi": 400,
  "varies": false,
  "usdTxt": "$200–400",
  "hkdTxt": "HK$1,560–3,120",
  "diff": "Medium",
  "special": "Delta printer — the head moves on three arms, not a gantry. Weird kinematics, cheap frame, and you learn real robotics maths.",
  "links": [
   [
    "GitHub",
    "https://github.com/jcrocholl/kossel"
   ],
   [
    "RepRap wiki",
    "https://reprap.org/wiki/Kossel"
   ]
  ]
 },
 {
  "name": "BLV mgn Cube",
  "cat": "3D Printing",
  "origin": "China",
  "usd": 400,
  "usdhi": 600,
  "varies": false,
  "usdTxt": "$400–600",
  "hkdTxt": "HK$3,120–4,680",
  "diff": "Medium",
  "special": "Open-source CoreXY on MGN linear rails, designed for cheap sourcing. Kitted by Chinese FYSETC; very popular in the Chinese maker scene.",
  "links": [
   [
    "Site",
    "https://www.blvprojects.com/blv-mgn-cube-3d-printer"
   ],
   [
    "GitHub",
    "https://github.com/BenBlv/-BLVCube"
   ],
   [
    "FYSETC kit",
    "https://www.3dprintersonlinestore.com/fysetc-blv-mgn-cube-kit"
   ]
  ]
 },
 {
  "name": "White Knight belt printer",
  "cat": "3D Printing",
  "origin": "US",
  "usd": 600,
  "usdhi": 900,
  "varies": false,
  "usdTxt": "$600–900",
  "hkdTxt": "HK$4,680–7,020",
  "diff": "Medium",
  "special": "Belt instead of a bed = INFINITE Z. Print a 1.5 m long part in one go. NAK 3D Designs, fully open.",
  "links": [
   [
    "Design",
    "https://3ddistributed.com/mrrf-2019/white-knight-3d-printer/"
   ],
   [
    "Discussion",
    "https://www.reddit.com/r/3Dprinting/comments/bf60ny/infinite_z_white_knight_belt_driven_3d_printer_by/"
   ]
  ]
 },
 {
  "name": "Open5x / Rep5x (5-axis)",
  "cat": "3D Printing",
  "origin": "UK",
  "usd": 250,
  "usdhi": 400,
  "varies": false,
  "usdTxt": "$250–400",
  "hkdTxt": "HK$1,950–3,120",
  "diff": "Hard",
  "special": "Retrofits a normal printer with two extra rotation axes. Prints curved surfaces and overhangs with NO supports. From Imperial College London research; Rep5x is the newer DIY retrofit.",
  "links": [
   [
    "Open5x GitHub",
    "https://github.com/FreddieHong19/Open5x"
   ],
   [
    "Rep5x GitHub",
    "https://github.com/dennisklappe/rep5x"
   ]
  ]
 },
 {
  "name": "Positron V3.2",
  "cat": "3D Printing",
  "origin": "US / China",
  "usd": 350,
  "usdhi": 450,
  "varies": false,
  "usdTxt": "$350–450",
  "hkdTxt": "HK$2,730–3,510",
  "diff": "Medium",
  "special": "A printer that prints UPSIDE DOWN and folds flat for travel. Wild engineering; kitted by Chinese LDO.",
  "links": [
   [
    "Site",
    "https://positron3d.com/"
   ],
   [
    "LDO kit",
    "https://kb-3d.com/store/positron/1154-ldo-positron-v32-3d-printer-build-kit-1714355343710.html"
   ]
  ]
 },
 {
  "name": "Micron / Micron+",
  "cat": "3D Printing",
  "origin": "US",
  "usd": 600,
  "usdhi": 700,
  "varies": false,
  "usdTxt": "$600–700",
  "hkdTxt": "HK$4,680–5,460",
  "diff": "Medium",
  "special": "A shrunken Voron by the PrintersForAnts community. Desktop footprint, full Voron performance. Kitted by Chinese LDO.",
  "links": [
   [
    "GitHub",
    "https://github.com/PrintersForAnts/Micron/"
   ],
   [
    "LDO kit",
    "https://west3d.com/products/ldo-micron-3d-printer-kit-micron-plus-180"
   ]
  ]
 },
 {
  "name": "VzBot 330",
  "cat": "3D Printing",
  "origin": "Australia",
  "usd": 700,
  "usdhi": 1200,
  "varies": false,
  "usdTxt": "$700–1,200",
  "hkdTxt": "HK$5,460–9,360",
  "diff": "Medium-Hard",
  "special": "The speed demon. CNC aluminium frame, carbon rods, Klipper. Built to print fast as hell. Kitted by Chinese Mellow.",
  "links": [
   [
    "GitHub",
    "https://github.com/VzBoT3D/VzBoT-Vz330"
   ],
   [
    "Mellow kit",
    "https://3dmellow.com"
   ]
  ]
 },
 {
  "name": "RatRig V-Core 4.1",
  "cat": "3D Printing",
  "origin": "Portugal",
  "usd": 700,
  "usdhi": 1500,
  "varies": false,
  "usdTxt": "$700–1,500",
  "hkdTxt": "HK$5,460–11,700",
  "diff": "Medium",
  "special": "Very polished, highly configurable open-source kit. RatRig is a real company built entirely on open-source principles.",
  "links": [
   [
    "Site",
    "https://v-core.ratrig.com/"
   ],
   [
    "Product",
    "https://ratrig.com/products/rat-rig-v-core-4-1"
   ]
  ]
 },
 {
  "name": "Ender 3 to Switchwire",
  "cat": "3D Printing",
  "origin": "Community",
  "usd": 150,
  "usdhi": 250,
  "varies": false,
  "usdTxt": "$150–250",
  "hkdTxt": "HK$1,170–1,950",
  "diff": "Medium",
  "special": "Don't build new — convert a cheap Chinese Ender 3 into a Voron Switchwire. Cheapest route to a genuinely good printer.",
  "links": [
   [
    "GitHub",
    "https://github.com/boubounokefalos/Ender_SW"
   ],
   [
    "Voron mods",
    "https://mods.vorondesign.com/details/e1YOsV5tBlpfZovPJqXVLA"
   ]
  ]
 },
 {
  "name": "Original Prusa i3 MK3S",
  "cat": "3D Printing",
  "origin": "Czechia",
  "usd": 600,
  "usdhi": 800,
  "varies": false,
  "usdTxt": "$600–800",
  "hkdTxt": "HK$4,680–6,240",
  "diff": "Medium",
  "special": "Where open-source 3D printing went mainstream. Still one of the best-documented designs ever released.",
  "links": [
   [
    "GitHub",
    "https://github.com/prusa3d/Original-Prusa-i3"
   ],
   [
    "Open source page",
    "https://www.prusa3d.com/page/open-source-at-prusa-research_236812/"
   ]
  ]
 },
 {
  "name": "Cerambot (clay)",
  "cat": "3D Printing",
  "origin": "Taiwan",
  "usd": 400,
  "usdhi": 600,
  "varies": false,
  "usdTxt": "$400–600",
  "hkdTxt": "HK$3,120–4,680",
  "diff": "Medium",
  "special": "Prints in CLAY. Make pots, cups, sculptures, then fire them in a kiln. Compatible with normal slicers (Cura/Slic3r).",
  "links": [
   [
    "Site",
    "https://www.cerambot.com/"
   ],
   [
    "Extruder files",
    "https://www.thingiverse.com/thing:3196872"
   ]
  ]
 },
 {
  "name": "Cocoa Press 2 (chocolate)",
  "cat": "3D Printing",
  "origin": "US",
  "usd": 1200,
  "usdhi": 1600,
  "varies": false,
  "usdTxt": "$1,200–1,600",
  "hkdTxt": "HK$9,360–12,480",
  "diff": "Medium",
  "special": "A 3D printer that prints CHOCOLATE. Heated syringe extruder, open-source slicer, actually works.",
  "links": [
   [
    "Product",
    "https://cocoapress.com/products/cocoa-press-2-3d-chocolate-printer-diy-kit"
   ],
   [
    "Hackaday",
    "https://hackaday.com/2023/05/01/cocoa-press-chocolate-3d-printer-offered-as-diy-kit/"
   ]
  ]
 },
 {
  "name": "x-scara",
  "cat": "3D Printing",
  "origin": "Community",
  "usd": 150,
  "usdhi": 400,
  "varies": false,
  "usdTxt": "$150–400",
  "hkdTxt": "HK$1,170–3,120",
  "diff": "Hard",
  "special": "SCARA arm doubling as a 3D printer and CNC. Articulated-arm kinematics — you write your own inverse kinematics. Deep rabbit hole.",
  "links": [
   [
    "GitHub",
    "https://github.com/madl3x/x-scara"
   ]
  ]
 },
 {
  "name": "SLS4All / OpenSLS",
  "cat": "3D Printing",
  "origin": "Czechia / US",
  "usd": 3000,
  "usdhi": 5000,
  "varies": false,
  "usdTxt": "$3,000–5,000",
  "hkdTxt": "HK$23,400–39,000",
  "diff": "Very Hard",
  "special": "Selective Laser Sintering — nylon POWDER printing. Zero supports, functional parts, actual industrial process at home. The hardest printer genre by far.",
  "links": [
   [
    "SLS4All",
    "https://hackaday.io/project/184506-sls4all-affordable-sls-3d-printer"
   ],
   [
    "OpenSLS",
    "https://github.com/MillerLabFTW/OpenSLS"
   ],
   [
    "RepRap wiki",
    "https://reprap.org/wiki/OpenSLS"
   ]
  ]
 },
 {
  "name": "M3-CRETE (concrete)",
  "cat": "3D Printing",
  "origin": "US",
  "usd": 2000,
  "usdhi": 8000,
  "varies": false,
  "usdTxt": "$2,000–8,000",
  "hkdTxt": "HK$15,600–62,400",
  "diff": "Very Hard",
  "special": "Prints in CONCRETE at metre scale, from standard NEMA motors and off-the-shelf parts. Open-source construction printing.",
  "links": [
   [
    "GitHub",
    "https://github.com/sunnyday-technologies/M3-CRETE"
   ],
   [
    "Writeup",
    "https://all3dp.com/4/new-diy-concrete-3d-printer-from-off-the-shelf-parts/"
   ]
  ]
 },
 {
  "name": "reAM250 (metal)",
  "cat": "3D Printing",
  "origin": "US / China",
  "usd": 5000,
  "usdhi": 20000,
  "varies": false,
  "usdTxt": "$5,000–20,000",
  "hkdTxt": "HK$39,000–156,000",
  "diff": "Very Hard",
  "special": "Open-source METAL 3D printer. Chinese motor maker LDO is a prominent backer of the DIY 3D printing ecosystem behind it.",
  "links": [
   [
    "Article",
    "https://3dprintingindustry.com/news/build-your-own-metal-3d-printer-with-the-new-open-source-ream250-project-234965/"
   ]
  ]
 },
 {
  "name": "MakerGear Micro",
  "cat": "3D Printing",
  "origin": "US",
  "usd": 150,
  "usdhi": 250,
  "varies": false,
  "usdTxt": "$150–250",
  "hkdTxt": "HK$1,170–1,950",
  "diff": "Easy",
  "special": "An open-source printer that is ITSELF 3D-printable. Designed so a kid can build it. Nice gentle intro.",
  "links": [
   [
    "GitHub",
    "https://github.com/MakerGear/MakerGear_Micro"
   ]
  ]
 },
 {
  "name": "OLSK Large 3D Printer",
  "cat": "3D Printing",
  "origin": "Netherlands",
  "usd": 800,
  "usdhi": 1500,
  "varies": false,
  "usdTxt": "$800–1,500",
  "hkdTxt": "HK$6,240–11,700",
  "diff": "Hard",
  "special": "Open Lab Starter Kit — big-format printer with an interactive 3D assembly manual. Every part documented for replication.",
  "links": [
   [
    "GitHub",
    "https://github.com/Open-Lab-Starter-Kit/OLSK-Large-3D-Printer"
   ]
  ]
 },
 {
  "name": "MPCNC (Mostly Printed CNC)",
  "cat": "CNC",
  "origin": "Canada",
  "usd": 300,
  "usdhi": 500,
  "varies": false,
  "usdTxt": "$300–500",
  "hkdTxt": "HK$2,340–3,900",
  "diff": "Easy-Medium",
  "special": "Conduit pipe + 3D-printed parts. The classic first CNC. Ryan Zellars has documented every single step and there are thousands of builds online.",
  "links": [
   [
    "Docs",
    "https://docs.v1e.com/"
   ],
   [
    "Site",
    "https://www.v1e.com/"
   ],
   [
    "YouTube",
    "https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCXf0vDExLLX1lb2cpyiOFbg"
   ]
  ]
 },
 {
  "name": "LowRider v4",
  "cat": "CNC",
  "origin": "Canada",
  "usd": 400,
  "usdhi": 700,
  "varies": false,
  "usdTxt": "$400–700",
  "hkdTxt": "HK$3,120–5,460",
  "diff": "Medium",
  "special": "V1E's big one — cuts FULL 4x8 SHEETS of plywood. Runs on wheels along your table. Can also carry a diode laser module (like your DAJA).",
  "links": [
   [
    "Docs",
    "https://docs.v1e.com/lowrider/"
   ],
   [
    "Build video",
    "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WMyjop0B4wU"
   ],
   [
    "Printables",
    "https://www.printables.com/model/1034840-lowrider-4-cnc"
   ]
  ]
 },
 {
  "name": "Root 3 / Root 3 Lite",
  "cat": "CNC",
  "origin": "UK",
  "usd": 300,
  "usdhi": 500,
  "varies": false,
  "usdTxt": "$300–500",
  "hkdTxt": "HK$2,340–3,900",
  "diff": "Medium",
  "special": "Fully 3D-printed CNC with a 5-part video build series. Lighter and cheaper than MPCNC, nicer looking too.",
  "links": [
   [
    "Site",
    "https://www.rootcnc.com/"
   ],
   [
    "GitHub",
    "https://github.com/RootCNC/Root-3-Lite-CNC"
   ],
   [
    "YouTube",
    "https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL5hghy18PulWPo6cQd6N7WnEv9tpS6zwJ"
   ]
  ]
 },
 {
  "name": "PrintNC",
  "cat": "CNC",
  "origin": "Community",
  "usd": 600,
  "usdhi": 900,
  "varies": false,
  "usdTxt": "$600–900",
  "hkdTxt": "HK$4,680–7,020",
  "diff": "Medium-Hard",
  "special": "STEEL frame + linear rails + ballscrews for under $700. The cheap DIY machine that actually mills aluminium properly. 3D-printed parts, steel motion.",
  "links": [
   [
    "GitHub",
    "https://github.com/threedesigns/printNC"
   ],
   [
    "Wiki",
    "https://wiki.printnc.info/en/home"
   ]
  ]
 },
 {
  "name": "Millennium Milo v1.5 / 2.0",
  "cat": "CNC",
  "origin": "Canada / China",
  "usd": 700,
  "usdhi": 1500,
  "varies": false,
  "usdTxt": "$700–1,500",
  "hkdTxt": "HK$5,460–11,700",
  "diff": "Medium-Hard",
  "special": "Desktop CNC MILL (not a router) — cuts aluminium, steel and PCBs. Open source, kitted by Chinese LDO with a proper electronics box.",
  "links": [
   [
    "GitHub",
    "https://github.com/MillenniumMachines/Milo-v1.5"
   ],
   [
    "LDO kit",
    "https://west3d.com/products/milo-v2-cnc-kit-by-millennium-machines-and-ldo-systems"
   ]
  ]
 },
 {
  "name": "IndyMill",
  "cat": "CNC",
  "origin": "Poland",
  "usd": 500,
  "usdhi": 800,
  "varies": false,
  "usdTxt": "$500–800",
  "hkdTxt": "HK$3,900–6,240",
  "diff": "Medium",
  "special": "Metal-frame DIY router by Nikodem Bartnik, designed for simplicity. Chinese GTROB community produced full 中文 tutorial versions (51k views on bilibili).",
  "links": [
   [
    "GitHub",
    "https://github.com/NikodemBartnik/IndyMill"
   ],
   [
    "Site",
    "https://indystry.cc/indymill/"
   ],
   [
    "YouTube",
    "https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLktKi_COpyPRd8JZfjhskWSvsFN3Cb1v8"
   ],
   [
    "中文版",
    "https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1RA411v75T/"
   ]
  ]
 },
 {
  "name": "OpenBuilds WorkBee / LEAD",
  "cat": "CNC",
  "origin": "US",
  "usd": 700,
  "usdhi": 1200,
  "varies": false,
  "usdTxt": "$700–1,200",
  "hkdTxt": "HK$5,460–9,360",
  "diff": "Medium",
  "special": "The most popular kit-based open CNC ever. Endless build videos, huge forum, all files downloadable.",
  "links": [
   [
    "Build",
    "https://builds.openbuilds.com/builds/workbee-cnc-machine.5626/"
   ],
   [
    "OpenBuilds",
    "https://builds.openbuilds.com/"
   ]
  ]
 },
 {
  "name": "Shapeoko 2",
  "cat": "CNC",
  "origin": "US",
  "usd": 400,
  "usdhi": 650,
  "varies": false,
  "usdTxt": "$400–650",
  "hkdTxt": "HK$3,120–5,070",
  "diff": "Easy-Medium",
  "special": "The classic fully-open-source desktop CNC. Buildable over a weekend, GRBL-driven, enormous tutorial base.",
  "links": [
   [
    "GitHub",
    "https://github.com/shapeoko/Shapeoko_2"
   ],
   [
    "Wiki",
    "https://wiki.shapeoko.com/"
   ]
  ]
 },
 {
  "name": "3018 + GRBL",
  "cat": "CNC",
  "origin": "China",
  "usd": 150,
  "usdhi": 300,
  "varies": false,
  "usdTxt": "$150–300",
  "hkdTxt": "HK$1,170–2,340",
  "diff": "Easy",
  "special": "The cheap Chinese gateway drug. Buy it, then flash open-source GRBL and upgrade it. Cheapest possible way to learn CNC + G-code.",
  "links": [
   [
    "GRBL firmware",
    "https://github.com/gnea/grbl"
   ],
   [
    "Setup guide",
    "https://howtomechatronics.com/tutorials/how-to-setup-grbl-control-cnc-machine-with-arduino/"
   ]
  ]
 },
 {
  "name": "Arduino CNC Shield 3-axis",
  "cat": "CNC",
  "origin": "China",
  "usd": 30,
  "usdhi": 80,
  "varies": false,
  "usdTxt": "$30–80",
  "hkdTxt": "HK$234–624",
  "diff": "Easy",
  "special": "An Arduino Uno + CNC shield + A4988 drivers = a working CNC controller for pocket money. The absolute cheapest way in. Chinese kits are everywhere.",
  "links": [
   [
    "中文教程",
    "https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1P4411F71c/"
   ],
   [
    "OpenBuilds",
    "https://builds.openbuilds.com/builds/simple-cnc-router-nema17-v-slot-2040-arduino-grbl.8485/"
   ]
  ]
 },
 {
  "name": "太极创客 DVD-drive mini laser/CNC",
  "cat": "CNC",
  "origin": "China",
  "usd": 15,
  "usdhi": 30,
  "varies": false,
  "usdTxt": "$15–30",
  "hkdTxt": "HK$117–234",
  "diff": "Easy",
  "special": "Build a working mini laser engraver out of TWO OLD DVD DRIVES for about ¥100. Chinese maker channel TaiChiMaker open-sources the whole thing with full GRBL tutorials. The cheapest machine on this list, period.",
  "links": [
   [
    "Project page",
    "http://www.taichi-maker.com/arduino-cnc-laser/"
   ],
   [
    "bilibili",
    "https://space.bilibili.com/103589285"
   ],
   [
    "GRBL host software",
    "https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1h441157Wa/"
   ]
  ]
 },
 {
  "name": "4-axis CNC hot wire foam cutter",
  "cat": "CNC",
  "origin": "Community",
  "usd": 200,
  "usdhi": 500,
  "varies": false,
  "usdTxt": "$200–500",
  "hkdTxt": "HK$1,560–3,900",
  "diff": "Medium",
  "special": "Cuts TAPERED AIRFOIL WING CORES from foam. This is literally the aerodynamics machine for F1 in Schools / RC planes. Reuses RAMPS + Arduino + 3D-printer hardware. rcKeith has a full video series.",
  "links": [
   [
    "GitHub",
    "https://github.com/rahulsarchive/4AxisFoamCutter"
   ],
   [
    "Foldable version",
    "https://github.com/MichaelRechtin/CNC-Hotwire-Foam-Cutter"
   ],
   [
    "OpenBuilds",
    "https://builds.openbuilds.com/builds/hot-wire-4-axis-cnc-foam-cutter.2361/"
   ]
  ]
 },
 {
  "name": "OpenEDM (spark erosion)",
  "cat": "CNC",
  "origin": "Community",
  "usd": 500,
  "usdhi": 1000,
  "varies": false,
  "usdTxt": "$500–1,000",
  "hkdTxt": "HK$3,900–7,800",
  "diff": "Hard",
  "special": "Electrical Discharge Machining — burns through HARDENED STEEL with electric sparks and ZERO cutting force. Cuts shapes no drill or mill can touch.",
  "links": [
   [
    "GitHub",
    "https://github.com/OpenEDM"
   ],
   [
    "Hackaday",
    "https://hackaday.com/2021/04/30/homemade-edm-machine-moves-from-prototype-to-production/"
   ]
  ]
 },
 {
  "name": "DIWire Bender",
  "cat": "CNC",
  "origin": "US",
  "usd": 400,
  "usdhi": 700,
  "varies": false,
  "usdTxt": "$400–700",
  "hkdTxt": "HK$3,120–5,460",
  "diff": "Medium",
  "special": "Feeds wire off a spool and bends it into arbitrary 2D/3D shapes from a digital file. A completely different kind of CNC.",
  "links": [
   [
    "GitHub",
    "https://github.com/diwire/DIWire-Bender"
   ],
   [
    "Make: article",
    "https://makezine.com/article/digital-fabrication/machining/make-your-own-cnc-wire-bender/"
   ]
  ]
 },
 {
  "name": "CNC plasma table",
  "cat": "CNC",
  "origin": "Community",
  "usd": 1000,
  "usdhi": 3000,
  "varies": false,
  "usdTxt": "$1,000–3,000",
  "hkdTxt": "HK$7,800–23,400",
  "diff": "Hard",
  "special": "Cuts STEEL PLATE with a plasma torch on a gantry. The big-boy version of a CNC router.",
  "links": [
   [
    "GitHub",
    "https://github.com/ccholas/DIY-CNC-Plasma-Table"
   ],
   [
    "OpenBuilds",
    "https://builds.openbuilds.com/?id=305"
   ]
  ]
 },
 {
  "name": "Lasersaur",
  "cat": "CNC",
  "origin": "Switzerland / US",
  "usd": 3000,
  "usdhi": 6000,
  "varies": false,
  "usdTxt": "$3,000–6,000",
  "hkdTxt": "HK$23,400–46,800",
  "diff": "Hard",
  "special": "A fully open-source 100W CO2 laser cutter with a big bed. Real optics, real power, fully documented. The reference open laser.",
  "links": [
   [
    "GitHub",
    "https://github.com/nortd/lasersaur"
   ],
   [
    "Wiki",
    "https://github.com/nortd/lasersaur/wiki"
   ]
  ]
 },
 {
  "name": "Multimachine / Open Source Lathe",
  "cat": "CNC",
  "origin": "US",
  "usd": 0,
  "usdhi": 0,
  "varies": true,
  "usdTxt": "varies",
  "hkdTxt": "varies",
  "diff": "Hard",
  "special": "Open Source Ecology's lathe + mill + drill press built largely from scrap and cast concrete. Pay in labour, not money.",
  "links": [
   [
    "OSE wiki",
    "https://wiki.opensourceecology.org/wiki/Multimachine_%26_Flex_Fab"
   ],
   [
    "Open Source Lathe",
    "https://wiki.opensourceecology.org/wiki/Open_Source_Lathe"
   ]
  ]
 },
 {
  "name": "Open-source vacuum former",
  "cat": "CNC",
  "origin": "Community",
  "usd": 100,
  "usdhi": 300,
  "varies": false,
  "usdTxt": "$100–300",
  "hkdTxt": "HK$780–2,340",
  "diff": "Easy",
  "special": "Heat a plastic sheet, suck it over a mould. Make RC bodies, F1 shells, packaging. Simple, cheap, very useful.",
  "links": [
   [
    "OSE wiki",
    "https://wiki.opensourceecology.org/wiki/Open_Source_Vacuum_Forming_Machine"
   ],
   [
    "OpenBuilds build",
    "https://builds.openbuilds.com/builds/vacuum-forming-machine.5071/"
   ]
  ]
 },
 {
  "name": "3D printed drill press",
  "cat": "CNC",
  "origin": "Japan",
  "usd": 40,
  "usdhi": 60,
  "varies": false,
  "usdTxt": "$40–60",
  "hkdTxt": "HK$312–468",
  "diff": "Easy",
  "special": "3D-print a drill press that actually drills METAL, for about $45. Absurd value for money.",
  "links": [
   [
    "Tom's Hardware",
    "https://www.tomshardware.com/3d-printing/3d-printed-drill-press-can-drill-through-metal-costs-around-usd45-to-create-your-own-drill-press"
   ]
  ]
 },
 {
  "name": "Open-source 3D printed lathe",
  "cat": "CNC",
  "origin": "Community",
  "usd": 100,
  "usdhi": 400,
  "varies": false,
  "usdTxt": "$100–400",
  "hkdTxt": "HK$780–3,120",
  "diff": "Hard",
  "special": "A printed lathe — normally you'd say impossible, but this technique opens the door to rose-engine and gear-cutting lathes.",
  "links": [
   [
    "Hackaday",
    "https://hackaday.com/2024/10/23/a-3d-printed-open-source-lathe/"
   ]
  ]
 },
 {
  "name": "DIY 2x72 belt grinder",
  "cat": "CNC",
  "origin": "Community",
  "usd": 300,
  "usdhi": 600,
  "varies": false,
  "usdTxt": "$300–600",
  "hkdTxt": "HK$2,340–4,680",
  "diff": "Medium",
  "special": "The knife-maker's workhorse. Free PDF plans and CAD exist; huge YouTube build community. Grinds metal fast and flat.",
  "links": [
   [
    "Free plans",
    "https://mazaydiy.com/2x72-belt-grinder/"
   ],
   [
    "BladeForums plans",
    "https://www.bladeforums.com/threads/free-2-x-72-belt-grinder-plans-2020-version.1705344/"
   ]
  ]
 },
 {
  "name": "Mekanika Pro MK2 / FAB",
  "cat": "CNC",
  "origin": "Belgium",
  "usd": 1000,
  "usdhi": 4000,
  "varies": false,
  "usdTxt": "$1,000–4,000",
  "hkdTxt": "HK$7,800–31,200",
  "diff": "Hard",
  "special": "Open-source PANEL CNC — cuts full 1300x2700mm sheets for furniture and cabinets. Ball screws, prismatic rails, full CAD released.",
  "links": [
   [
    "Site",
    "https://www.mekanika.io/en"
   ],
   [
    "GitHub",
    "https://github.com/mekanika-dev/pro"
   ],
   [
    "Docs",
    "https://support.mekanika.io/open-source/cnc-pro"
   ]
  ]
 },
 {
  "name": "DIYLILCNC",
  "cat": "CNC",
  "origin": "US",
  "usd": 300,
  "usdhi": 500,
  "varies": false,
  "usdTxt": "$300–500",
  "hkdTxt": "HK$2,340–3,900",
  "diff": "Easy",
  "special": "A free, open set of plans for a 3-axis CNC mill buildable by one person with basic shop skills. Old but still a great starting point.",
  "links": [
   [
    "Plans",
    "https://www.craftsmanspace.com/free-projects/cnc-machine-diy-plans-and-build-instructions.html"
   ],
   [
    "Guide",
    "https://github.com/maxvfischer/DIY-CNC-machine"
   ]
  ]
 },
 {
  "name": "LumenPnP (pick & place)",
  "cat": "Robots",
  "origin": "US",
  "usd": 500,
  "usdhi": 3000,
  "varies": false,
  "usdTxt": "$500–3,000",
  "hkdTxt": "HK$3,900–23,400",
  "diff": "Hard",
  "special": "An open-source robot that PLACES ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS onto circuit boards — a real PCB assembly line at home. Feeders, vision alignment, the lot. Stephen Hawes documents every revision on YouTube.",
  "links": [
   [
    "GitHub",
    "https://github.com/opulo-inc/lumenpnp"
   ],
   [
    "Creator site",
    "https://stephenhawes.com/press/"
   ],
   [
    "Overview video",
    "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i0hn9Ue1qgc"
   ],
   [
    "Wikipedia",
    "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LumenPnP"
   ]
  ]
 },
 {
  "name": "Annin Robotics AR4 / AR5",
  "cat": "Robots",
  "origin": "US",
  "usd": 2000,
  "usdhi": 3000,
  "varies": false,
  "usdTxt": "$2,000–3,000",
  "hkdTxt": "HK$15,600–23,400",
  "diff": "Hard",
  "special": "A 6-axis INDUSTRIAL ROBOT ARM you can build yourself, sitting on a desk. Machined or 3D-printed parts, Python-programmable. Chris Annin's build series is legendary.",
  "links": [
   [
    "Site",
    "https://anninrobotics.com/"
   ],
   [
    "Video",
    "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EwWnPqnSizQ"
   ]
  ]
 },
 {
  "name": "FarmBot",
  "cat": "Robots",
  "origin": "US",
  "usd": 1000,
  "usdhi": 3000,
  "varies": false,
  "usdTxt": "$1,000–3,000",
  "hkdTxt": "HK$7,800–23,400",
  "diff": "Medium-Hard",
  "special": "An open-source CNC FARMING robot. It plants seeds, waters, and weeds a garden bed by coordinates, driven from a web app.",
  "links": [
   [
    "Site",
    "https://farm.bot/"
   ],
   [
    "Wikipedia",
    "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FarmBot"
   ]
  ]
 },
 {
  "name": "EEZYbotARM MK2",
  "cat": "Robots",
  "origin": "Italy",
  "usd": 50,
  "usdhi": 100,
  "varies": false,
  "usdTxt": "$50–100",
  "hkdTxt": "HK$390–780",
  "diff": "Easy",
  "special": "A 3D-printed 4-axis robot arm for about $60. Cheapest real robot arm on this list and a perfect first robotics build.",
  "links": [
   [
    "Thingiverse",
    "https://www.thingiverse.com/thing:1015238"
   ],
   [
    "Instructables",
    "https://www.instructables.com/EEZYbotARM-Mk2-3D-Printed-Robot/"
   ]
  ]
 },
 {
  "name": "Thor robot arm",
  "cat": "Robots",
  "origin": "Spain",
  "usd": 250,
  "usdhi": 400,
  "varies": false,
  "usdTxt": "$250–400",
  "hkdTxt": "HK$1,950–3,120",
  "diff": "Medium",
  "special": "Open-source 6-DOF arm, fully 3D printable, same joint configuration as real industrial manipulators. AngelLM's design.",
  "links": [
   [
    "Site",
    "http://thor.angel-lm.com/"
   ],
   [
    "GitHub",
    "https://github.com/AngelLM/Thor"
   ]
  ]
 },
 {
  "name": "Dummy-Robot (稚晖君)",
  "cat": "Robots",
  "origin": "China",
  "usd": 250,
  "usdhi": 400,
  "varies": false,
  "usdTxt": "$250–400",
  "hkdTxt": "HK$1,950–3,120",
  "diff": "Medium",
  "special": "Chinese maker 稚晖君's viral super-mini 6-axis arm. Fully open source, designed in Fusion 360, enormous bilibili following.",
  "links": [
   [
    "GitHub",
    "https://github.com/peng-zhihui/Dummy-Robot"
   ],
   [
    "CN roundup",
    "https://beets3d.cn/robot-arm-open-source-can-3dprint.html"
   ]
  ]
 },
 {
  "name": "MeArm / SmallRobotArm / Adeept",
  "cat": "Robots",
  "origin": "China / UK",
  "usd": 50,
  "usdhi": 150,
  "varies": false,
  "usdTxt": "$50–150",
  "hkdTxt": "HK$390–1,170",
  "diff": "Easy",
  "special": "Servo arms you print and bolt together in an evening. Adeept's Arduino arms are fully open and very cheap on AliExpress.",
  "links": [
   [
    "SmallRobotArm",
    "https://github.com/SkyentificGit/SmallRobotArm"
   ],
   [
    "CN roundup",
    "https://www.ncnynl.com/category/open-arm/"
   ]
  ]
 },
 {
  "name": "OpenAstroTracker",
  "cat": "Robots",
  "origin": "Germany",
  "usd": 150,
  "usdhi": 300,
  "varies": false,
  "usdTxt": "$150–300",
  "hkdTxt": "HK$1,170–2,340",
  "diff": "Medium",
  "special": "A 3D-printed GoTo star tracker for astrophotography. Tracks the sky so you can take long-exposure photos of galaxies with a normal camera.",
  "links": [
   [
    "GitHub",
    "https://github.com/OpenAstroTech/OpenAstroTracker"
   ],
   [
    "Wiki",
    "https://wiki.openastrotech.com/OpenAstroTracker"
   ]
  ]
 },
 {
  "name": "PiKon telescope",
  "cat": "Robots",
  "origin": "UK",
  "usd": 100,
  "usdhi": 200,
  "varies": false,
  "usdTxt": "$100–200",
  "hkdTxt": "HK$780–1,560",
  "diff": "Easy",
  "special": "A 3D-printed telescope using a Raspberry Pi camera as the eyepiece. Cheap, open, and you can image the planets.",
  "links": [
   [
    "Make: article",
    "https://makezine.com/projects/gaze-across-the-solar-system-with-a-3d-printed-raspberry-pi-telescope/"
   ],
   [
    "Hackster",
    "https://www.hackster.io/news/pikon-a-3d-printed-raspberry-pi-powered-telescope-608d1abfc9f1"
   ]
  ]
 },
 {
  "name": "OpenFlexure microscope",
  "cat": "Robots",
  "origin": "UK",
  "usd": 200,
  "usdhi": 400,
  "varies": false,
  "usdTxt": "$200–400",
  "hkdTxt": "HK$1,560–3,120",
  "diff": "Medium",
  "special": "A LAB-GRADE 3D-printed microscope with a sub-micron positioning stage. Used in real research labs and clinics in developing countries.",
  "links": [
   [
    "Site",
    "https://openflexure.org/"
   ],
   [
    "Projects",
    "https://openflexure.org/projects/"
   ]
  ]
 },
 {
  "name": "BrailleRAP braille embosser",
  "cat": "Robots",
  "origin": "France",
  "usd": 250,
  "usdhi": 400,
  "varies": false,
  "usdTxt": "$250–400",
  "hkdTxt": "HK$1,950–3,120",
  "diff": "Medium",
  "special": "Open-source BRAILLE EMBOSSER built on RepRap parts. Commercial ones cost $2500; this is a tenth of that and it makes real accessible documents.",
  "links": [
   [
    "Site",
    "https://www.braillerap.org/en/"
   ],
   [
    "GitHub",
    "https://github.com/braillerap/BrailleRap"
   ]
  ]
 },
 {
  "name": "e-NABLE prosthetic hand",
  "cat": "Robots",
  "origin": "Global",
  "usd": 30,
  "usdhi": 80,
  "varies": false,
  "usdTxt": "$30–80",
  "hkdTxt": "HK$234–624",
  "diff": "Easy",
  "special": "A global volunteer network giving away 3D-printable prosthetic hands. Print one for ~$50 and change someone's life. Great CAS/service project.",
  "links": [
   [
    "Models",
    "https://3d.nih.gov/collections/prosthetics"
   ],
   [
    "Community",
    "https://shop3duniverse.com/blogs/3d-printed-prosthetics-and-assistive-technology/10-years-of-free-3d-printed-prosthetics-with-the-e-nable-community"
   ]
  ]
 },
 {
  "name": "OpenPCR thermal cycler",
  "cat": "Robots",
  "origin": "US",
  "usd": 400,
  "usdhi": 600,
  "varies": false,
  "usdTxt": "$400–600",
  "hkdTxt": "HK$3,120–4,680",
  "diff": "Medium",
  "special": "A $500 open-source PCR machine — the DNA-copying machine labs use. Real molecular biology at home.",
  "links": [
   [
    "Site",
    "https://openpcr.org/"
   ],
   [
    "Hackaday",
    "https://hackaday.com/2020/01/26/put-the-power-of-pcr-in-your-pocket-with-this-open-source-thermal-cycler/"
   ]
  ]
 },
 {
  "name": "OpenFuge centrifuge",
  "cat": "Robots",
  "origin": "US",
  "usd": 150,
  "usdhi": 250,
  "varies": false,
  "usdTxt": "$150–250",
  "hkdTxt": "HK$1,170–1,950",
  "diff": "Easy",
  "special": "Open-source lab centrifuge for ~$200 from off-the-shelf parts. Spins samples at thousands of RPM.",
  "links": [
   [
    "Instructables",
    "https://www.instructables.com/OpenFuge/"
   ],
   [
    "Writeup",
    "https://www.thelabworldgroup.com/blog/build-your-own-centrifuge-20000-diybio-project-called-openfuge/"
   ]
  ]
 },
 {
  "name": "Open Syringe Pump",
  "cat": "Robots",
  "origin": "US",
  "usd": 75,
  "usdhi": 400,
  "varies": false,
  "usdTxt": "$75–400",
  "hkdTxt": "HK$585–3,120",
  "diff": "Easy",
  "special": "3D-printed precision liquid pump. Cheaper and more flexible than $1000 commercial units. Used for bioprinting, food engineering and microfluidics.",
  "links": [
   [
    "GitHub",
    "https://github.com/manimino/OpenSyringePump"
   ],
   [
    "Appropedia",
    "https://www.appropedia.org/Open-source_syringe_pump"
   ]
  ]
 },
 {
  "name": "OpenBCI EEG",
  "cat": "Robots",
  "origin": "US / China",
  "usd": 200,
  "usdhi": 400,
  "varies": false,
  "usdTxt": "$200–400",
  "hkdTxt": "HK$1,560–3,120",
  "diff": "Medium",
  "special": "Open-source brain-wave (EEG) hardware. Read your own brain signals and control things with them. AliExpress sells compatible 8/16-channel boards.",
  "links": [
   [
    "AliExpress module",
    "https://www.aliexpress.com/item/4000244594585.html"
   ],
   [
    "Academic BCI",
    "https://faculty.sites.uci.edu/ucibci/2017/03/29/portable-low-cost-and-open-source-brain-computer-interface-bci-arduino-based-system/"
   ]
  ]
 },
 {
  "name": "Polyformer (bottles to filament)",
  "cat": "Material",
  "origin": "US",
  "usd": 80,
  "usdhi": 150,
  "varies": false,
  "usdTxt": "$80–150",
  "hkdTxt": "HK$624–1,170",
  "diff": "Easy",
  "special": "A 3D-PRINTED machine that turns PET water bottles into 3D printer filament. Print it on your Bambu, feed it drink bottles, get free filament. Peak 'you built WHAT?' project.",
  "links": [
   [
    "Printables",
    "https://www.printables.com/model/296063-polyformer"
   ],
   [
    "Writeup",
    "https://3dprintingindustry.com/news/new-open-source-3d-printable-polyformer-recycles-plastic-bottles-into-filament-209877/"
   ]
  ]
 },
 {
  "name": "Precious Plastic",
  "cat": "Material",
  "origin": "Netherlands",
  "usd": 300,
  "usdhi": 2000,
  "varies": false,
  "usdTxt": "$300–2,000",
  "hkdTxt": "HK$2,340–15,600",
  "diff": "Medium",
  "special": "A full open-source recycling WORKSHOP: shredder, injection moulder, extruder and sheet press. Dave Hakkens' project spawned businesses worldwide.",
  "links": [
   [
    "Site",
    "https://www.preciousplastic.com/"
   ],
   [
    "Machine plans",
    "https://bazar.preciousplastic.com/machines/"
   ]
  ]
 },
 {
  "name": "Buster Beagle 3D injection moulder",
  "cat": "Material",
  "origin": "US",
  "usd": 500,
  "usdhi": 800,
  "varies": false,
  "usdTxt": "$500–800",
  "hkdTxt": "HK$3,900–6,240",
  "diff": "Medium",
  "special": "A desktop INJECTION MOULDING machine. Make real production plastic parts in aluminium moulds, from recycled pellets.",
  "links": [
   [
    "Site",
    "https://www.busterbeagle3d.com/"
   ],
   [
    "Thingiverse MKII",
    "https://www.thingiverse.com/thing:4799033"
   ]
  ]
 },
 {
  "name": "ExtrudeX / Recyclebot",
  "cat": "Material",
  "origin": "US",
  "usd": 150,
  "usdhi": 300,
  "varies": false,
  "usdTxt": "$150–300",
  "hkdTxt": "HK$1,170–2,340",
  "diff": "Easy",
  "special": "Grind up failed prints and purge lines, melt them, and get fresh usable filament back out. Closes the loop on your own waste.",
  "links": [
   [
    "ExtrudeX",
    "https://creative3dp.com/products/extrudex-diy-filament-recycling-machine"
   ],
   [
    "Recyclebot paper",
    "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2468067218300208"
   ]
  ]
 },
 {
  "name": "OpenShredder",
  "cat": "Material",
  "origin": "US",
  "usd": 200,
  "usdhi": 400,
  "varies": false,
  "usdTxt": "$200–400",
  "hkdTxt": "HK$1,560–3,120",
  "diff": "Medium",
  "special": "A general-purpose 3D-PRINTABLE plastic shredder. The front end for any recycling setup.",
  "links": [
   [
    "GitHub",
    "https://github.com/specollective/Open-Shredder"
   ]
  ]
 },
 {
  "name": "Felfil filament maker",
  "cat": "Material",
  "origin": "Italy",
  "usd": 400,
  "usdhi": 800,
  "varies": false,
  "usdTxt": "$400–800",
  "hkdTxt": "HK$3,120–6,240",
  "diff": "Medium",
  "special": "Desktop filament extruder. Make your own filament from pellets in any colour, on demand.",
  "links": [
   [
    "Site",
    "https://felfil.com/"
   ]
  ]
 },
 {
  "name": "Makelangelo polargraph",
  "cat": "Art",
  "origin": "Canada",
  "usd": 100,
  "usdhi": 200,
  "varies": false,
  "usdTxt": "$100–200",
  "hkdTxt": "HK$780–1,560",
  "diff": "Easy",
  "special": "A pen plotter that HANGS ON YOUR WALL on two strings and draws giant murals. Ridiculously cheap, and the software is open source.",
  "links": [
   [
    "Software",
    "https://github.com/MarginallyClever/Makelangelo-Software"
   ],
   [
    "Plotter list",
    "https://github.com/beardicus/awesome-plotters"
   ]
  ]
 },
 {
  "name": "EggBot / Sphere-O-Bot",
  "cat": "Art",
  "origin": "US",
  "usd": 100,
  "usdhi": 250,
  "varies": false,
  "usdTxt": "$100–250",
  "hkdTxt": "HK$780–1,950",
  "diff": "Easy",
  "special": "A CNC art robot that draws on EGGS, ping-pong balls, baubles and anything spherical. Open source hardware and software.",
  "links": [
   [
    "Site",
    "https://egg-bot.com/"
   ],
   [
    "Sphere-O-Bot",
    "https://www.thingiverse.com/thing:1683764"
   ]
  ]
 },
 {
  "name": "大鱼写字机 DayuWriter",
  "cat": "Art",
  "origin": "China",
  "usd": 50,
  "usdhi": 100,
  "varies": false,
  "usdTxt": "$50–100",
  "hkdTxt": "HK$390–780",
  "diff": "Easy",
  "special": "Chinese open-source WRITING/DRAWING robot — GRBL pen plotter, AxiDraw-style, ~¥300-500, 810k views on bilibili with a full tutorial and BOM spreadsheet. Massive in the Chinese maker scene.",
  "links": [
   [
    "CN roundup + BOM",
    "http://dev.guyuehome.com/detail?id=1825482823486504962"
   ],
   [
    "Zhihu writeup",
    "https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/394133174"
   ],
   [
    "midbot variant",
    "https://www.ikuju.com/archives/13911"
   ]
  ]
 },
 {
  "name": "AYAB knitting machine hack",
  "cat": "Art",
  "origin": "Germany",
  "usd": 150,
  "usdhi": 300,
  "varies": false,
  "usdTxt": "$150–300",
  "hkdTxt": "HK$1,170–2,340",
  "diff": "Medium",
  "special": "Hack a 1980s Brother knitting machine with an Arduino to knit images from your computer. 'All Yarns Are Beautiful' — open hardware + software.",
  "links": [
   [
    "Site",
    "https://www.ayab-knitting.com/"
   ],
   [
    "Shop",
    "https://shop.evilmadscientist.com/productsmenu/835"
   ],
   [
    "Hackaday.io",
    "https://hackaday.io/project/1611-ayab-all-yarns-are-beautiful"
   ]
  ]
 },
 {
  "name": "OSE Global Village Construction Set",
  "cat": "Big",
  "origin": "US",
  "usd": 0,
  "usdhi": 0,
  "varies": true,
  "usdTxt": "varies",
  "hkdTxt": "varies",
  "diff": "Hard",
  "special": "50 INDUSTRIAL MACHINES, all open source: brick press, tractor, sawmill, wind turbine, induction furnace, bakery oven. The single deepest rabbit hole on this list.",
  "links": [
   [
    "Wiki",
    "https://wiki.opensourceecology.org/wiki/Global_Village_Construction_Set"
   ],
   [
    "Wikipedia",
    "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_Source_Ecology"
   ],
   [
    "MIT Tech Review",
    "https://www.technologyreview.com/2025/10/16/1125146/civilization-start-kit-open-source-essential-machines/"
   ]
  ]
 },
 {
  "name": "CEB Press 'The Liberator'",
  "cat": "Big",
  "origin": "US",
  "usd": 2000,
  "usdhi": 4000,
  "varies": false,
  "usdTxt": "$2,000–4,000",
  "hkdTxt": "HK$15,600–31,200",
  "diff": "Hard",
  "special": "Presses local DIRT into building bricks at 10 bricks per minute, for 5-40 cents a block. You could literally build a house with it.",
  "links": [
   [
    "Project",
    "https://www.opensourceecology.org/portfolio/ceb-press/"
   ],
   [
    "Wiki",
    "https://wiki.opensourceecology.org/wiki/CEB_Press"
   ]
  ]
 },
 {
  "name": "Piggott wind turbine",
  "cat": "Big",
  "origin": "Scotland",
  "usd": 500,
  "usdhi": 2000,
  "varies": false,
  "usdTxt": "$500–2,000",
  "hkdTxt": "HK$3,900–15,600",
  "diff": "Medium",
  "special": "Hugh Piggott's open plans for a homebuilt wind turbine — carve the blades, cast the alternator, make your own electricity. Proven in the field for decades.",
  "links": [
   [
    "Plans",
    "https://pureselfmade.com/wind-turbine-diy-book/"
   ],
   [
    "Background",
    "https://windempowerment.org/research-and-devlopment/small-wind-systems/the-piggott-turbine/"
   ]
  ]
 },
 {
  "name": "Open Source Beehives",
  "cat": "Big",
  "origin": "US / Spain",
  "usd": 150,
  "usdhi": 300,
  "varies": false,
  "usdTxt": "$150–300",
  "hkdTxt": "HK$1,170–2,340",
  "diff": "Easy",
  "special": "Sensor-equipped beehives with open data — monitor temperature, humidity and sound inside a hive to track colony health.",
  "links": [
   [
    "Sensor kit",
    "https://github.com/piettetech/OSBH"
   ],
   [
    "Project",
    "https://iaac.net/projects/open-source-beehives-project/"
   ]
  ]
 },
 {
  "name": "Hydruino hydroponics",
  "cat": "Big",
  "origin": "US",
  "usd": 100,
  "usdhi": 300,
  "varies": false,
  "usdTxt": "$100–300",
  "hkdTxt": "HK$780–2,340",
  "diff": "Easy",
  "special": "Open-source Arduino controller for a hydroponic/aquaponic grow system. Fully configurable, no cloud account needed.",
  "links": [
   [
    "GitHub",
    "https://github.com/NachtRaveVL/Simple-Hydroponics-Arduino"
   ],
   [
    "OpenHydroponics",
    "https://github.com/evandavey/OpenHydroponics"
   ]
  ]
 }
]